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What is G6PD deficiency?
G6PD (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) is an enzyme contained in red cells in the blood.
Its normal function is to help prevent too much oxygen accumulating in the red cells, which in excessive amounts leads to the red cells becoming too rigid in structure. Red cells that are too rigid easily become damaged or broken in the circulation (this is called “haemolysis”).
If this occurs very excessively, anaemia develops as the total number of intact red cells drops; and jaundice (yellow tinge to eyes and skin) also occurs as pigment leaks from the damaged red cells.
Who is likely to suffer from G6PD deficiency?
G6PD deficiency is extremely common in people of Mediterranean, African and Chinese descent. The gene for this condition has persisted in these groups for hundreds of years through the generations but, in the vast majority of cases, does not cause severe illness.
However, in those who have inherited the gene (especially males), additional “stress” on the red cells (due to a viral illness, for example, or after exposure to certain drugs which are known to increase oxygen levels) may cause intermittent episodes of mild jaundice. This is not dangerous and needs no specific treatment, although a regular daily dose of the vitamin folic acid may help.
In very occasional more severe cases, the blood count may drop very low indeed such that a blood transfusion is necessary.
G6PD deficiency does not usually cause any long term problem, and in most cases the blood count is normal for most of the time.
Are there any foods or drugs that might increase the risk of G6PD deficiency?
“Oxidant” drugs should in general be avoided because of the possibility of provoking an episode of haemolysis. Fava beans are oxidants and should also be avoided.
Drugs which are definitely known to cause haemolysis in G6PD deficient individuals must be avoided.
These include:
- Primaquine
- Septrin (co-trimoxazole)
- Sulphonamide drugs
- Dapsone
- Nitrofurantoin
- Nalidixic acid
A more detailed list is available to all GPs and hospital doctors. If you know that you or your child has G6PD deficiency, always ask the doctor to check that any prescription drug is safe for you to take.
Contact us
If you have any queries relating to this information, please contact the Paediatrics service.
About this information
Service:
Paediatrics
Reference:
P/056
Approval date:
19 May 2023
Review date:
1 May 2026
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Important note
This page provides general information only. It is developed by clinical staff and is reviewed regularly every 3 years for accuracy. For personal advice about your health, or if you have any concerns, please speak to your doctor.